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听力文稿 ( Transcript )
In that great cold, the ice, as it were, grew out of the ground. The northern climate had been tampered for immemorial ages, literally for several hundred million years. Yet just when homo erectors settled in China and Northern Europe, a sequence of three separate ice ages began. The first was at its fiercest, when Peking man lived in caves, four hundred thousand years ago. It's no surprise to find fire used in those caves for the first time.
The ice moved south and retreated three times, and the land changed each time. The ice caps at their largest contained so much of the earth's water, that the level of the sea fell four hundred feet. In the second Ice Age, over two hundred thousand years ago, Neanderthal man with his big brain became important. The cultures of man that we recognized began to form in the most recent ice age within the last hundred thousand years. That is when we find the elaborated tools that point to sophisticated forms of hunting. The spear thole, for example, and the baton that may be a straightening tool, the fully barbed harpoon and of course the flint master tools that were needed to make the hunting tools.
Man survived the fierce test of the ice ages because he had the flexibility of mind to recognize inventions and turn them into community property. Evidently the ice ages worked a profound change in the way man could live. They forced it to depend less on plants and more on animals.
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