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听力文稿 ( Transcript )
Three of the men had grown up in the same close knit community and had known each other for a number of years. The fourth bomber, Germaine Lindsay, is believed to have met the other three when he was a teenager living in nearby Huddersfield. Together they spent time at a local bookshop, and used a community gym housed in the basement of a local mosque.
This place is important because it was a setting for them to come together. It's not important because that there was radical lament or anything else, that wasn't the case. There was more that this was a venue where they could come together and where they did spend time together and where the friendship developed and the bonds between them developed. And that's why it's important.
These group bonds can grow surprisingly strong, resonating without biological family unit.
The family is the most important thing in human societies. It's no accident that all political movements that survive over time use the idiom of brother and sister and mother and father. They trigger our innate desire for family and to protect and be protected by our family. If you can convince people in their inner souls to have the same sentiments as they would for their family, then they will perform the same way as they would for their family.
It's a tool used by many organizations.
That's a group, group dynamic, a like-minded people. There is a camaraderie just like a brotherhood.
From the age of 16 to 45, Michael Stone was part of a Loyalist paramilitary group. As an active member of the Ulster Defense Association, he carried out numerous assassinations for his organization.
You are in a group. You have the bond targeting, socializing. You know they are your family. It's like a surrogate family. There're these guys you will die for, and you know that they would die for you, literally I mean, give their life for you.
They form a new family that trumps the old family, a fictive, substitute, surrogate family.
And these bonds are made stronger as the group detaches itself. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- words: 1.venue:place;the place where a suit or charge is brought to court, generally the place or jurisdiction where the alleged wrong was committed场所，犯罪地点 eg:change the venue变更审判地点
2.resonate:resound回响
3.fictive:imaginative想象的
4.substitute: surrogate替代的 eg:substitute material
5.surrogate:substitute;One that takes the place of another; a substitute替代的；替代品
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