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听力文稿 ( Transcript )
This cluster here is the 9/11 cluster. Each one of those dots is a person. The green lines are physical links, relationship that people have with each other. There's enough connection to form a group.
By plotting the lives of each individual and their relationship to each other, he's been able to build up a clear picture of the point at which they joined the organization.
As his research came together, he discovered that the cells were spontaneously forming without any connections to an established group.
The friendship bond is really the glue that hold them together and it predates their transformation into Jihadis. And people that were friends who are not originally religious, many of them drank alcohol, podded, but together they collectively radicalize each other.
It was a pattern that Sageman discovered was repeated across the world. Instead of one centrally organized network, Sageman had uncovered a very different phenomenon, a phenomenon thriving because independent groups of friends were radicalizing together. He called it "the bunch of guys" theory.
You could see that the same process was also happening in Madrid, in London, in Holland, in France, groups of friends, bunches of guys who collectively went together. It was a bunch of guys.
Sageman's "bunch of guys" is a vital breakthrough in understanding how the modern trend of suicide attacks is growing. And his findings are critical in helping to spot future groups.
Being in the group is not just significant, it's crucial, it's critical; this is a form of terrorism, which is group dynamics. If you don't understand the group you just don't understand this form of terrorism.
There doesn't need to be anybody exploiting the group. The willingness to carry out suicide attacks can predate any contact with an established group or mastermind figure.
Most young people are radicalized and then they beg Al-Qaeda to take them and they ...
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