大西庇阿西元前236～西元前184/183年Scipio Africanus the Elder

    全名Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus第二次布匿战争中的罗马将军。生于贵族家庭，他的家族曾产生过几名罗马执政官。他在坎尼战役（西元前216年）中担任军官，战败时设法逃脱。年轻时曾于西元前206年为罗马夺取西班牙，将迦太基人赶出西班牙，并为他的父亲报仇。西元前205年担任执政官，受命进攻非洲的迦太基人。西元前202年，他在札马战役中打败汉尼拔，结束了第二次布匿战争，得名西庇阿。但是他的政敌在加图的领导下指责西庇阿及其兄卢修斯在与马其顿的交战中给予马其顿过于仁慈的条件，并且没能得到这些条件所应该带来的钱。尽管这一罪行并无证据，西庇阿仍然引退，最后死于流放途中。

    Roman general in the Second Punic War. He was born into a patrician family that had produced several consuls. As a military tribune， he fought at the Battle of Cannae （216）， managing to escape from the defeat. While still young， he secured Spain for Rome by 206， driving the Carthaginians out and avenging his father's death. As consul in 205 he won the right to attack the Carthaginians in Africa. In 202 he won a major victory over Hannibal at the Battle of Zama， ending the Second Punic War and winning the name Africanus. His political opponents， led by Cato， accused Scipio and his brother Lucius of offering too lenient terms to Macedonia after their engagement there and of not being able to account for money supposedly received in those terms. Though there was no evidence of his guilt， Scipio withdrew from public life and died a virtual exile.